Skin and soft tissue diseases and their treatment in society

Authors

  • Priya Sen
  • Preeti Khulbe
  • Eknath D Ahire
  • Manish Gupta
  • Nidhi Chauhan
  • Raj K Keservani Associate Professor, Faculty of B. Pharmacy, CSM Group of Institutions, Prayagraj, U.P., India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54844/cai.2022.0150

Keywords:

Skin, soft tissue diseases, treatment, tissue infections, microorganisms

Abstract

Infections of the skin and the soft tissues (SSTIs) beneath it are caused by microorganisms. Variation exists among them in terms of causes, symptoms, and intensity. Impetigo is usually caused by staphylococci. When you touch impetigo sores or their clothing, bed linen, towels, or toys, you risk contracting impetigo. When assessing patients with soft tissue complaints, it is important to take into account viral pathogenesis, especially in immunocompromised patients. It may be difficult to accurately categorise some soft-tissue pathogenic microorganisms. Among the tissues that could be impacted are the skin, skeletal muscle, fascia, and subcutaneous tissue. Impetigo is characterized by mouth and nasal sores. The wounds bleed freely, leak pus for a few days, and crust with honey. Open sores can spread via garments and towels. Itching and soreness are usually mild. Bullous impetigo develops larger blisters on newborns, babies, and children under five. Ecthyma is a severe form of impetigo that causes pus-filled lesions. When an illness is mild to moderate, antibiotics taken orally will do the trick, but when it’s severe but not complicated, antibiotics given intravenously will be required. 

References

Lipsky BA, Moran GJ, Napolitano LM, Vo L, Nicholson S, Kim M. A prospective, multicenter, observational study of complicated skin and

soft tissue infections in hospitalized patients: clinical characteristics, medical treatment, and outcomes. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:227.

Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):e10-e52.

Sigmundsdottir H. Improving topical treatments for skin diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010;31(6):239-245.

Jain S, Patel N, Shah MK, Khatri P, Vora N. Recent advances in lipidbased vesicles and particulate carriers for topical and transdermal application. J Pharm Sci. 2017;106(2):423-445.

Kwak YG, Choi SH, Kim T, et al. Clinical guidelines for the antibiotic treatment for community-acquired skin and soft tissue infection. Infect Chemother. 2017;49(4):301-325.

Ahire ED, Talele SG, Shah HS. Nanoparticles as a promising technology in microbial pharmaceutics. In: Mahapatra DK, Talele SG, Haghi, eds. Applied Pharmaceutical Science and Microbiology. Apple Academic Press; 2020:133-158.

Reboli AC, Farrar WE. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: an occupational pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1989;2(4):354-359.

Kontoyiannis DP, Sumoza D, Tarrand J, Bodey GP, Storey R, Raad Ⅱ. Significance of aspergillemia in patients with cancer: a 10-year study. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(1):188-189.

Walmsley S, Devi S, King S, Schneider R, Richardson S, Ford-Jones L. Invasive Aspergillus infections in a pediatric hospital: a ten-year review. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12(8):673-682.

Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G. Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.

Hall LM, Gorges HJ, van Driel M, Magin P, Francis N, Heal CF. International comparison of guidelines for management of impetigo: a

systematic review. Fam Pract. 2022;39(1):150-158.

Picard D, Klein A, Grigioni S, Joly P. Risk factors for abscess formation in patients with superficial cellulitis (erysipelas) of the leg. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(4):859-863.

Haribalakrishna A, Vaddi V, Goyal M, Mascarenhas D. Successful management of a cutaneous abscess caused by Candida albicans in a very low birth weight neonate. J Clin Neonatol. 2022;11(4):219.

Iwata S, Koyama H, Murata Y. Efficacy and safety of daptomycin in Japanese pediatric participants with complicated skin and soft tissue infections or bacteremia caused by gram-positive cocci. J Infect Chemother. 2022;28(3):406-412.

Foomani FH, Mirza S, Mukhida S, et al. Machine learning techniques to identify antibiotic resistance in patients diagnosed with various skin and soft tissue infections. 2022: arXiv: 2202.13496. Accessed August 26, 2022. https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.13496

Ahire ED, Sharma N, Gupta PC, et al. Developing Formulations of Prebiotics and Probiotics. In: Kesharwani RK, Rao TJM, Keservani RK, eds. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Disease Regulation and Management. Scrivener Publishing; 2022:271-290.

Mamo A, Szeto MD, Sivesind TE, Dellavalle RP. From the Cochrane Library: interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(5):e157-e158.

Ditsios K, Chitas K, Christidis P, Charatsis K, Katsimentzas T, Papadopoulos P. Necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity - A review.

Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2022;14(3):35320.

Ahire ED, Surana KR, Sonawane VN, et al. Immunomodulation Impact of Curcumin and Its Derivative as a Natural Ingredient. In: Kesharwani RK, Keservani RK, Sharma AK. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Immunomodulators. Springer; 2022:253-269.

Wilcox M, Yan JL, Gonzalez PL, Dryden M, Stone GG, Kantecki M. Impact of underlying comorbidities on outcomes of patients treated

with ceftaroline fosamil for complicated skin and soft tissue infections: pooled results from three phase Ⅲ randomized clinical trials. Infect Dis Ther. 2022;11(1):217-230.

Russo A, Trecarichi EM, Torti C. The role of Gram-negative bacteria in skin and soft tissue infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2022;35(2):95-102.

Van Tol AL, Tang B, Mackie ID. A case of Streptococcus canis bacteremia, osteomyelitis, sacroiliitis, myositis, and abscess. BMC Infect

Dis. 2022;22(1):621.

Hesse EM, Godfred-Cato S, Bower WA. Antitoxin use in the prevention and treatment of Anthrax disease: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(Suppl 3):S432-S440.

Surana KR, Ahire ED, Sonawane VN, Talele SG. Biomolecular and molecular docking: a modern tool in drug discovery and virtual

screening of natural products. In: Mahapatra DK, Aguilar CN, Haghi AK, eds. Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals. Apple

Academic Press; 2021: 209-223.

Kouki C, Masmoudi A, Kammoun N, et al. Erysipeloid cutaneous leishmaniasis: a study of 40 cases of an unusual variant. Int J Dermatol. 2022;61(11):1380-1384.

Ahire ED, Sonawane VN, Surana K. Role of drug repurposing in current treatment strategies against covid-19; systemic review. Pharm Reson. 2020;COVID-19 Special issue:24-29.

Iwata K, Takai Y, Kitada N, Morishita N, Kiyona H. Mandibular Nodule Caused by Mycobacterium marinum with False Positive Interferon-γ Release Assay. A Case Report. Intern Med. 2022. (Epub ahead of print)

Hindy JR, Haddad SF, Kanj SS. New drugs for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2022;35(2):112-119.

Surana KR, Ahire ED, Sonawane VN, Talele SG, Talele GS. Informatics and methods in nutrition design and development. In: Carvajal-Millan E, Yaser AZ, Haghi AK, eds. Natural Food Products and Waste Recovery. Apple Academic Press; 2021:33-49.

Lee AH, Berlyand Y, Dutta S, et al. CT utilization in evaluation of skin and soft tissue extremity infections in the ED: retrospective cohort study. Am J Emerg Med. 2023;64:96-100.

Deshmukh MD, Patil MP, Ahire ED, Gosavi SB. Shatdhauta Ghrita: A Promising agent in the development of herbal creams. J Pharm Negat Result. 2022;13(1):1332-1343.

Pal M, Gutama KP. Glanders: A Potential Bioterrorism Weapon Disease. Am J Infect Dis Microbiol. 2022;10:98-101.

Menu E, Kabtani J, Roubin J, Ranque S, L’Ollivier C. Pericardial effusion due to Trichosporon japonicum: a case report and review of

the literature. Pathogens. 2022;11(5):598.

Chan AA, Flores EA, Navarrete M, Phan Tran D, Lee DJ, Miller LG. The effect of systemic antibiotics for suppurative skin and soft

tissue infections on the skin microbiome. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(5):ofac141.

Surana KR, Ahire ED, Sonawane VN, Talele SG, Talele GS. Molecular modeling: novel techniques in food and nutrition development. In: Carvajal-Millan E, Yaser AZ, Haghi AK, eds. Natural Food Products and Waste Recovery. Apple Academic Press; 2021: 17-31.

Wilcox M, Yan JL, Gonzalez PL, Dryden M, Stone GG, Kantecki M. Impact of underlying comorbidities on outcomes of patients treated

with ceftaroline fosamil for complicated skin and soft tissue infections: pooled results from three phase Ⅲ randomized clinical trials. Infect Dis Ther. 2022;11(1):217-230.

Uchida E, Saito S, Morita D, et al. Skin and soft tissue infections in adolescent chronic myeloid leukemia under dasatinib treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2022;69(8):e29714.

Pujalte GGA, Costa LMC, Clapp AD, Presutti RJ, Sluzevich JC. More than skin deep: dermatologic conditions in athletes. Sports Health.

;15(1):74-85.

Kline BP, Jeganathan NA. Necrotizing soft tissue infections of the perineum. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2022;35(3):237-243.

Huang Y, Sanz J, Rodríguez N, et al. Quantitative assessments of late radiation-induced skin and soft tissue toxicity and correlation with RTOG scales and biological equivalent dose in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2022;24(5):836-845.

Ioannou P, Chatzisymeon D, Maraki S, Samonis G, Kofteridis DP. Mixed skin and soft tissue infection caused by Rhodotorula glutinis

and Enterococcus faecalis in a diabetic patient: a case report. Maedica. 2022;17(1):211-214.

Pelletier J, Gottlieb M, Long B, Perkins JC Jr. Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI):pearls and pitfalls for the emergency clinician. J

Emerg Med. 2022;62(4):480-491.

Rogers AD, El Khatib A. Surgical management of pressure-induced skin and soft tissue injuries. UpToDate. Accessed August 26, 2022. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/surgical-management-of-pressure-induced-skin-and-soft-tissue-injuries/print?search=pressure-ulcers-epidemiology-&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3

Nurjadi D, Fleck R, Lindner A, et al. Import of community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Europe through skin and soft-tissue infection in intercontinental travellers, 2011-2016. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25(6):739-746.

Golan Y. Current treatment options for acute skin and skin-structure infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(Suppl 3):S206-S212.

Tobudic S, Forstner C, Burgmann H, et al. Real-world experience with dalbavancin therapy in gram-positive skin and soft tissue infection, bone and joint infection. Infection. 2019;47(6):1013-1020.

Restrepo A, Clark NM, Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation. Nocardia infections in

solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation.

Clin Transplant. 2019;33(9):e13509.

Published

2023-05-30

How to Cite

1.
Sen P, Khulbe P, Ahire ED, Gupta M, Chauhan N, Keservani RK. Skin and soft tissue diseases and their treatment in society. Community Acquir Infect. 2023;10. doi:10.54844/cai.2022.0150

Issue

Section

Review Articles

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.