Well-being sciences in China: Contributions, critiques, and future prospects

Zixie Zheng; Xinyu Zhu; Kaiping Peng; Xiaomeng Hu

doi:10.54844/wsr.2024.0622

Authors

Zixie Zheng
Xinyu Zhu
Kaiping Peng
Xiaomeng Hu Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54844/wsr.2024.0622

Abstract

Since the positive psychology movements spread across the globe, numerous highly influential theories, research and applications emerge for the past several decades. China is undergoing large-scale modernization and social change, the rapidly evolving socio-economic landscape of China presents both opportunities and challenges for wellbeing research. As the country continues to undergo significant transformations, such as Chinese modernization, technological advancement, and demographic shifts, it is crucial to examine how these social changes impact the well-being of individuals and communities. Our current work synthesizes recent cutting-edge research on Wellbeing in Chinese cultural contexts. Future research should prioritize the development and evaluation of evidence-based interventions that can be implemented in culturally diverse Chinese contexts, such as schools, workplaces, and communities. It is our hope that our current work can provide a brief overview and the state of the art and future exciting directions for well-being research in China and across the globe.

References

Ali, F., Zhang, Q., Tauni, M. Z., & Shahzad, K. (2024). Social Chatbot: My Friend in My Distress. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 40(7), 1702-1712. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2150745

Alter, A. L., & Kwan, V. S. Y. (2009). Cultural sharing in a global village: Evidence for extracultural cognition in European Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(4), 742-760. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014036

Althubaiti, A. (2016). Information bias in health research: definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 9, 211-217. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S104807

American Psychological Association. (2018). APA dictionary of psychology (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.

Au, W. C. C., & Kennedy, K. J. (2018). A Positive Education Program to Promote Wellbeing in Schools: A Case Study from a Hong Kong School. Higher Education Studies, 8(4), 9. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v8n4p9

Bhutoria, A. (2022). Personalized education and artificial intelligence in the United States, China, and India: A systematic review using a human-in-the-loop model. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100068

Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Dweck, C. S. (2007). Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: A longitudinal study and an intervention. Child Development, 78(1), 246-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x

Cai, H., Yuan, J., Su, Z., Wang, X., Huang, Z., Jing, Y., & Yang, Z. (2023). Does economic growth raise happiness in China A comprehensive reexamination. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 14(2), 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506221089804

Chai, C. S., Wang, X., & Xu, C. (2020). An extended theory of planned behavior for the modelling of Chinese secondary school students' intention to learn artificial intelligence. Mathematics, 8(11), 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8112089

Chan, G. H., Lee, G. K. W., Kong, C. Y. W., & Lo, T. W. (2022). An Innovative Model of Positive Education with Traditional Chinese Moral Values: An Evaluation of Project Bridge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3797. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073797

Chen, H., & Wang, F. (2021). Wisdom in old age. Advances in Psychological Science, 29(5), 885-893. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00885

Chen, M., & Decary, M. (2020). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: An essential guide for health leaders. Healthcare Management Forum, 33(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470419873123

Chen, W. W., & Wong, Y. L. (2015). Chinese mindset: Theories of intelligence, goal orientation and academic achievement in Hong Kong students. Educational Psychology, 35(6), 714-725. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2014.893559

Cheng, K., & Lin, Y. (2017). Congruence in organizational support and new generation employees' turnover intention: The mediating role of employee well-being. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 49(12), 1570-1580.

Cheng, R., Lu, K., & Hao, N. (2021). The effect of anger on malevolent creativity and strategies for its emotion regulation. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 53(8), 847-860.

Cheng, T., Cheng, N., Wang, M., & Wang Z. (2022). Toddlers' anxiety predicts their creativity at the age of five: The chain mediation effects of general cognition and mastery motivation. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(7), 799-812.

Cheung, F. (2016). Can income inequality be associated with positive outcomes Hope mediates the positive inequality-happiness link in rural China. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(4), 320-330. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550615619762

Chua, R. Y., Huang, K. G., & Jin, M. (2019). Mapping cultural tightness and its links to innovation, urbanization, and happiness across 31 provinces in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(14), 6720-6725. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815723116

Chui, R. C. F., & Chan, Chi-K. (2020). Positive Thinking, School Adjustment and Psychological Well-being among Chinese College Students. The Open Psychology Journal, 13(1), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350102013010151

Dai, Y., Chai, C. S., Lin, P. Y., Jong, M. S. Y., Guo, Y., & Qin, J. (2020). Promoting students' well-being by developing their readiness for the artificial intelligence age. Sustainability, 12(16), 6597. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166597

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542

Dong, J., Wu, H., Zhou, D., Li, K., Zhang, Y., Ji, H., Tong, Z., Lou, S., & Liu, Z. (2021). Application of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Management Decisions in China. Journal of Medical Systems, 45(9), 84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-021-01757-0

Dong, N., & Wang, X. (2020). Where there's a will, there's a way: Intrinsic motivational orientation, idea quality, and idea implementation. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(6), 801-810. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00801

Dong, N., Yin, K., Xing, L., Sun, X., & Dong, Y. (2023). The effects of daily supervisor negative feedback on employee creativity. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 55(5), 831-843.

Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: the New Psychology of Success. New York, NY: Random House.

Easterlin, R. A., Morgan, R., Switek, M., & Wang, F. (2012). China's life satisfaction, 1990-2010. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(25), 9775-9780. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205672109

Easterlin R. A., & Sawangfa, O. (2010). Happiness and economic growth: Does the cross section predict time trends Evidence from developing countries. In E. Diener, J. F. Helliwell, D. Kahneman (Eds.), International differences in well-being (pp. 166-216). Oxford University Press.

Easterlin, R. A., Wang F., & Wang, S. (2017). Growth and happiness in China, 1990-2015. In J. F. Helliwell, R. Layard, Sachs J. D. (Eds.), A modern guide to the economics of happiness (pp. 48-83). Edward Elgar.

Faulkner, J., O'brien, W. J., McGrane, B., Wadsworth, D., Batten, J., Askew, C. D., Badenhorst, C., Byrd, E., Coulter, M., Draper, N., Elliot, C., Fryer, S., Hamlin, M. J., Jakeman, J., MacKintosh, K. A., McNarry, M. A., Mitchelmore, A., Murphy, J., Ryan-Stewart, H., Saynor, Z., Schaumberg, M., Stone, K., Stoner, L., Stuart, B., & Lambrick, D. (2021). Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during initial COVID-19 containment strategies: A multi-country cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(4), 320-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.11.016

Fu, S., Gu, H., & Yang, B. (2020). The affordances of AI‐enabled automatic scoring applications on learners' continuous learning intention: An empirical study in China. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(5), 1674-1692. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12995

He, G., An, R., & Hewlin, P. F. (2019). Paternalistic leadership and employee well-being: A moderated mediation model. Chinese Management Studies, 13(3), 645-663. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-10-2018-0724

He, W., Zhang, W., Jin, Y., Zhou, Q., Zhang, H., & Xia, Q. (2024). Physician versus large language model chatbot responses to web-based questions from autistic patients in Chinese: Cross-sectional comparative analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e54706. https://doi.org/10.2196/54706

Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., Sachs, J. D., De Neve, J.-E., Aknin, L. B., & Wang, S. (Eds.). (2024). World Happiness Report 2024. University of Oxford: Wellbeing Research Centre.

Hu, Q. T., Wang, H. J., & Long, L. R. (2020a). Will newcomer job crafting bring positive outcomes. The role of leader-member exchange and traditionality. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(5), 659-668. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00659

Hu, Z., Lin, X., Chiwanda Kaminga, A., & Xu, H. (2020b). Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on lifestyle behaviors and their association with subjective well-being among the general population in mainland China: cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e21176. https://doi.org/10.2196/21176

Huang, J., & Fang, Y. (2021). Income inequality, neighbourhood social capital and subjective well-being in China: Exploration of a moderating effect. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), 6799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136799

Institute for China Sustaintable Urbanization. (2021). [People's Well-being Index Research Report 2021]. Tsinghua University.

Ipsos. (2023). Global Happiness 2023. Ipsos.

Jiang, S., Lu, M., & Sato, H. (2012). Identity, inequality, and happiness: Evidence from urban China. World Development, 40(6), 1190-1200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.002

Jin, C., Chen, W., Cao, Y., Xu, Z., Tan, Z., Zhang, X., Deng, L., Zheng, C., Zhou, J., Shi, H., & Feng, J. (2020). Development and evaluation of an artificial intelligence system for COVID-19 diagnosis. Nature Communications, 11(1), 5088. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18685-1

Ke, X., Qi, H., Liang, J., Jin, X., Gao, J., Zhang, M., & Wang, Y. (2021). Situational evaluation method of the Chinese people's holistic thinking characteristics and their application. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 53(12), 1299-1309. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.01299

Knox, J. (2020). Artificial intelligence and education in China. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 298-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1754236

Lambert, L., Passmore, H.-A., & Holder, M. D. (2015). Foundational frameworks of positive psychology: Mapping well-being orientations. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 56(3), 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000033

Lee, W.W.S., & Fong, R.W. (2023). Instilling Growth Mindset and Grit in Hong Kong Chinese Community College Students: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study. In: King, R.B., Caleon, I.S., Bernardo, A.B.I. (eds) Positive Psychology and Positive Education in Asia. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5571-8_14

Li, J., & Raine, J.W. (2014). The Time Trend of Life Satisfaction in China. Social Indicators Research, 116, 409-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0300-4

Li, T. (2018). Which generation is happier An age-period- cohort analysis on the subjective well-being of Chinese residents. Population & Economics, (1), 90-102.

Li, X., Jin, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, X., & Pi, Z. (2022). Is older adult happier with more filial piety children The role of filial responsibility expectation of older adult. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(11), 1381-1390. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.01381

Li, X., Zhong, H., Zhang, B., & Zhang, J. (2020). A general Chinese chatbot based on deep learning and its' application for children with ASD. International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, 10(4), 519-526. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2020.10.4.967

Li, Y., Ding, Y., Liu, M., Zhang, W., Li, H., & Li, X. (2022). The effect of expertise on the aesthetic consistency of Chinese painting: An fNIRS study. Journal of Psychological Science, 45(3), 514-522.

Liang, H., Tsui, B. Y., Ni, H., Valentim, C. C. S., Baxter, S. L., Liu, G., Cai, W., Kermany, D. S., Sun, X., Chen, J., He, L., Zhu, J., Tian, P., Shao, H., Zheng, L., Hou, R., Hewett, S., Li, G., Liang, P., & Xia, H. (2019). Evaluation and accurate diagnoses of pediatric diseases using artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine, 25(3), 433-438. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0335-9

Limeri, L. B., Carter, N. T., Choe, J., Harper, H. G., Martin, H. R., Benton, A., & Dolan, E. L. (2020). Growing a Growth mindset: Characterizing How and Why Undergraduate Students' Mindsets Change. International Journal of STEM Education, 7(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-020-00227-2

Linden, A. H., & Hönekopp, J. (2021). Heterogeneity of research results: A new perspective from which to assess and promote progress in psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(2), 358-376.

Liu, H., Peng, H., Song, X., Xu, C., & Zhang, M. (2022). Using AI chatbots to provide self-help depression interventions for university students: A randomized trial of effectiveness. Internet Interventions, 27, 100495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100495

Liu, R. (2023). WeChat online visual language among Chinese Gen Z: virtual gift, aesthetic identity, and affection language. Frontiers in Communication, 8, 1172115. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1172115

Liu, X., Liu, Y., Shi, H., & Zheng, M. (2021). Effects of mindfulness meditation on musical aesthetic emotion processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 648062. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648062

Liu, Y., & Wang, J. (2020). The changes of sense of happiness of Chinese residents in the era: A reanalysis based on generations. Population and Society, 36(6), 94-108. https://doi.org/10.14132/j.2095-7963.2020.06.009

Luan, M., Wu, S., & Li, H. (2020). The relationship between anticipated communication and creativity: Moderating role of construal level. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(10), 1178-1188. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01178

Lucas, R. E. (2007). Adaptation and the Set-Point Model of Subjective Well-Being: Does Happiness Change After Major Life Events. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(2), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00479.x

Luo, P., Shi, J. Q., Zhu, Y. N., & Fang, Y. R. (2020). The influence of idiosyncratic deals on employee proactive career behavior and creativity. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(1), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00081

Lyu, Y., Chow, J. C. C., & Hwang, J. J. (2020). Exploring public attitudes of child abuse in mainland China: A sentiment analysis of China's social media Weibo. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105250

Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.98.2.224

Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346.

Mastandrea, S., Fagioli, S., & Biasi, V. (2019). Art and psychological well-being: Linking the brain to the aesthetic emotion. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00739

Miyamoto, Y., & Ryff, C. D. (2011). Cultural differences in the dialectical and non-dialectical emotional styles and their implications for health. Cognition & Emotion, 25(1), 22-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931003612114

Ng, F. F., & Wei, J. (2020). Delving Into the Minds of Chinese Parents: What Beliefs Motivate Their Learning Related Practices? Child Development Perspectives, 14(1), 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12358

Peng, J., & Wang, Z. (2018). Being a prototypic follower: Burdening or enabling The paradoxical effect of followership prototype-trait match. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 50(2), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00216

Pham, Q. V., Nguyen, D. C., Huynh-The, T., Hwang, W. J., & Pathirana, P. N. (2020). Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data for coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: a survey on the state-of-the-arts. IEEE access, 8, 130820-130839.

Pintrich, P. R., & de Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33

Qin, F., Li, K., & Yan, J. (2020). Understanding user trust in artificial intelligence‐based educational systems: Evidence from China. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(5), 1693-1710. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12994

Qin, Z., & Song, Y. (2020). The sacred power of beauty: Examining the perceptual effect of buddhist symbols on happiness and life satisfaction in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072551

Ruan, X., Li, Y., Jin, X., Deng, P., Xu, J., Li, N., Li, X., Liu, Y., Hu, Y., Xie, J., Wu, Y., Long, D., He, W., Yuan, D., Guo, Y., Li, H., Huang, H., Yang, S., Han, M., … Xu, L. (2021). Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in Chongqing, China, 2017: An artificial intelligence and big data method estimating the burden of disease at city level. The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 9, 100110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100110

Runco, M. A. (2010). Divergent thinking, creativity, and ideation. In J. C. Kaufman & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of creativity (pp. 413-446). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763205.026

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On Happiness and Human Potentials: a Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141

Sabour, S., Zhang, W., Xiao, X., Zhang, Y., Zheng, Y., Wen, J., Zhao, J., & Huang, M. (2023). A chatbot for mental health support: exploring the impact of Emohaa on reducing mental distress in China. Frontiers in Digital Health, 5, 1133987. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2023.1133987

Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466

Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology: An Introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5

Seligman, M. E. P., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2004). The Values In Action (VIA) classification of character strengths. Ricerche di Psicologia, 27(1), 63-78

Shan, Y., Ji, M., Xie, W., Lam, K. Y., & Chow, C. Y. (2022). Public trust in artificial intelligence applications in mental health care: Topic modeling analysis. JMIR Human Factors, 9(4), e38799. https://doi.org/10.2196/38799

Shao, Y., Zhang, C., Zhou, J., Gu, T., & Yuan, Y. (2019). How Does Culture Shape Creativity? A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1219. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01219

Shen, J., Zhang, C. J. P., Jiang, B., Chen, J., Song, J., Liu, Z., He, Z., Wong, S. Y., Fang, P. H., & Ming, W. K. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Versus Clinicians in Disease Diagnosis: Systematic Review. JMIR medical informatics, 7(3), e10010. https://doi.org/10.2196/10010

Shi Y. (2022). Assessment of Effect of Perceived Social Support on School Readiness, Mental Wellbeing, and Self-Esteem: Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 911841. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911841

Smith, C. E., Wayne, J. H., Matthews, R. A., Lance, C. E., Griggs, T. L., & Pattie, M. W. (2022). Stability and change in levels of work-family conflict: A multi-study, longitudinal investigation. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 95(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12372

Sun, W., Wang, H., Wang, L., Ye, L., & Chen, P. (2022). The cultural art aesthetic behavior of entrepreneurship education for college students in the characteristics of film and television media. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 880649. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.880649

Sun, X., Nancekivell, S., Gelman, S. A., & Shah, P. (2021). Growth mindset and academic outcomes: a comparison of US and Chinese students. Npj Science of Learning, 6(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-021-00100-z

Tang, M., Hofreiter, S., Reiter-Palmon, R., Bai, X., & Murugavel, V. (2021). Creativity as a Means to Well-Being in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Cross-Cultural Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 601389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.601389

Ursin, F., Timmermann, C., & Steger, F. (2022). Explicability of artificial intelligence in radiology: Is a fifth bioethical principle conceptually necessary? Bioethics, 36(2), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12918

Villani, L., Pastorino, R., Molinari, E., Anelli, F., Ricciardi, W., Graffigna, G., & Boccia, S. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being of students in an Italian university: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00680-w

Wan, C., Shen, G. Q., & Choi, S. (2021). Eliciting users' preferences and values in urban parks: Evidence from analyzing social media data from Hong Kong. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 62, 127172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127172

Wang, D., & Qian, Y. (2021). Echo chamber effect in rumor rebuttal discussions about COVID-19 in China: social media content and network analysis study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e27009. https://doi.org/10.2196/27009

Wang, P., Pan, J., & Luo, Z. (2015). The impact of income inequality on individual happiness: Evidence from China. Social Indicators Research, 121(2), 413-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0651-5

Wang, Y., Chen, Z., Li R., & Zhou M. (2024). Positive effects of leader perceived overqualification on team creativity. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(3), 326-338. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00326

Wang, Z., Cai, L., Chen, Y., Li, H., & Jia, H. (2021a). The teaching design methods under educational psychology based on deep learning and artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 711489. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711489

Wang, Z., Luo, S., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Yun, H., Zhao, Z., Zhan, H., & Wang, Y. (2021b). Well-Being Reduces COVID-19 Anxiety: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in China. Journal of happiness studies, 22(8), 3593-3610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00385-2

Wei, X., Sun, S., Wu, D., & Zhou, L. (2021). Personalized online learning resource recommendation based on artificial intelligence and educational psychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 767837. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767837

Wu, W. (2017). Resolving "Commuting Paradox": How commute time influences subjective well-being. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 49(11), 1449-1459. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2017.01449

Xu, M., Liu, B., & Xu, Z. (2023). Lost radiance: Negative influence of parental gender bias on women's workplace performance. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 55(7), 1148-1159. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01148

Xie, H., Chen, Q., Nespoli, C., & Riso, T. (2022). Understanding the Cognitive Immersion of Hospitality Architecture in Culture and Nature: Cultural Psychology and Neuroscience Views. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 833819. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833819

Xie, Y., & Zhou, X. (2014). Income inequality in today's China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(19), 6928-6933. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403158111

Xin, S., Liang, X., Sheng, L., & Zhao, Z. (2021). Changes of teachers' subjective well-being in mainland China (2002~2019): The perspective of cross-temporal meta-analysis. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 53(8), 875-889. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00875

Xing, Z., & Hu, W. (2022). Changes in the happiness of Chinese residents (2002-2019): A cross-temporal meta-analysis. Shandong Social Science, (5), 129-138. https://10.14112/j.cnki.37-1053/c.2022.05.014

Yan, T., Lin, S., Wang, J., Deng, F., Jiang, Z., Chen, G., Su, J., & Zhang, J. (2023). AppraisalCloudPCT: A Computational Model of Emotions for Socially Interactive Robots for Autistic Rehabilitation. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2023(1), 5960764. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5960764

Yan, Y., Feng, M., Zhang Y. (2024). "Buddha-like" mentality in workplace: The building of fundamental theory and the empirical test of its validity in Chinese context. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(5), 594-611. https://10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00594

Yang, T., Silveira, S., Formuli, A., Paolini, M., Pöppel, E., Sander, T., & Bao, Y. (2019). Aesthetic experiences across cultures: Neural correlates when viewing traditional Eastern or Western landscape paintings. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 798. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00798

Yang, W., Chen, Q., Huang, X., Xie, M., & Guo, Q. (2022). How do aesthetics and tourist involvement influence cultural identity in heritage tourism? The mediating role of mental experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 990030. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.990030

Yang, Z., Zeng, Z., Wang, K., Wong, S. S., Liang, W., Zanin, M., Liu, P., Cao, X., Gao, Z., Mai, Z., Liang, J., Liu, X., Li, S., Li, Y., Ye, F., Guan, W., Yang, Y., Li, F., Luo, S., … He, J. (2020). Modified SEIR and AI prediction of the epidemics trend of COVID-19 in China under public health interventions. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 12(3), 165-174. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2020.02.64

Yao, R. S., Guo, M. S., & Ye, H. S. (2018). The mediating effects of hope and loneliness on the relationship between social support and social well-being in the elderly. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 50(10), 1151-1158. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01151

Zeng, Z. Y., Chen, Y. Q., & Su, W. L. (2023). Understanding the Easterlin Paradox in China: Investigating the Psychological Stress and its Relation to Nonincome Factors. medRxiv, 2023.12.20.23300287. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.20.23300287

Zhang, J., Fu, M., Xin, Y., Chen, P., & Sha, S. (2020). The development of creativity in senior primary school students: Gender differences and the role of school support. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(9), 1057-1070. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01057

Zhang, Q., & Awaworyi Churchill, S. (2020). Income inequality and subjective wellbeing: Panel data evidence from China. China Economic Review, 60, 101392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101392

Zhang, Q., & Zhou, Y. (2017). Work and happiness of the newly retired in urban China. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 49(4), 472-481. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2017.00472

Zhang, X., & Zhou, X. (2024). The neural mechanism of artistic creative process. Journal of Psychological Science, 47(1), 246-252. https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240129

Zhao, Y., Yu, F., Jing, B., Hu, X., Luo, A., & Peng, K. (2019). An analysis of well-being determinants at the city level in China using big data. Social Indicators Research, 143(3), 973-994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2015-z

Zhao, Y., Yu, F., Wu, Y., Zeng, G., & Peng, K. (2019). Positive Education Interventions Prevent Depression in Chinese Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1344. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01344

Zheng, N., Du, S., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Cui, W., Kang, Z., Yang, T., Lou, B., Chi, Y., Long, H., Ma, M., Yuan, Q., Zhang, S., Zhang, D., Ye, F., & Xin, J. (2020). Predicting COVID-19 in China Using Hybrid AI Model. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 50(7), 2891-2904. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2020.2990162

Zheng, X., & Liu, X. (2016). The effect of interactional justice on employee well-being: The mediating role of psychological empowerment and the moderating role of power distance. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 48(6), 693-709. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2016.00693

Zheng, X. M., Yu, Y., & Liu, X. (2022). The effect of spouse emotional intelligence on employee work engagement: The mediating role of employee life well-being and the moderating role of gender. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(6), 646-664. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00646

Zhou, L. Q., Wang, J. Y., Yu, S. Y., Wu, G. G., Wei, Q., Deng, Y. B., Wu, X. L., Cui, X. W., & Dietrich, C. F. (2019). Artificial intelligence in medical imaging of the liver. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(6), 672-682. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i6.672

Zhu, J., Xu, S., Zhou, J., Zhang, B., Xu, F., & Zong, B. (2020). The cross-level double-edged-sword effect of boundary-spanning behavior on creativity. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(11), 1340-1351. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01340

Zhu, L., Chen, P., Dong, D., & Wang, Z. (2022). Can artificial intelligence enable the government to respond more effectively to major public health emergencies?—Taking the prevention and control of Covid-19 in China as an example. Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 80, 101029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101029