Education for ethical STEM: Scientific social responsibility and public policy

Abstract

This article reviews and reflects on the role of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) by highlighting the

importance of scientific social responsibility (SSR) and its implications to ethical education and public policy making. With

special reference to artificial intelligence (AI) and biomedical technology, it argues that the development of a keen awareness

and ethical standards has become a pressing need for research and educational institutions. Selected country cases are

reviewed as examples to show the "state of the art" and indicate the complexity of major issues involved. The role of United

Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in promoting AI ethics is illuminated. Education for

ethical STEM as well as public policy guidance are emphasized to foster SSR as a golden rule for any basic research and

applied undertaking.