Correlation between renal metabolism and cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the main medical burden in the world, and coronary heart disease and heart failure are the main reasons for the increase of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality year by year. There is a synergistic effect between cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Under pathological conditions, there is a significant correlation between various cardiovascular diseases and kidney diseases. In this review, we discussed the effects of metabolite accumulation caused by kidney disease on multiple mechanisms of atherosclerosis from the whole process of the formation and development of atherosclerosis. These metabolites can be mainly divided into uremic toxins, intestinal metabolites, fibroblast growth factor 23, and advanced glycosylation end products. Then we summarized the effects of metabolites related to renal metabolism on heart failure according to the biological changes of patients with heart failure at three different levels.